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西藏自治区关于发展对邻国贸易的暂行规定(附英文)

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西藏自治区关于发展对邻国贸易的暂行规定(附英文)

西藏


西藏自治区关于发展对邻国贸易的暂行规定(附英文)

1987年3月24日,西藏

规定
第 一 条
为进一步发展本区同邻国的贸易,活跃经济,加强管理,特制定本规定。
第 二 条
本规定适用于本区经营对邻国进出口贸易的国营企业、集体企业和个体工商户(以下简称进出口商)和在本区有长期居住权的邻国侨民(以下简称外侨进出口商)。
第 三 条
经西藏自治区对外经济贸易厅(以下简称区对外经贸厅)批准,并向工商行政管理部门登记领取经营进出口贸易营业执照的本区国营企业、集体企业和个体工商户,可以在批准的经营范围内开展对邻国的进出口贸易。
经自治区外侨管理部门审核同意,报区对外经贸厅批准,并向工商行政管理部门登记领取经营进出口贸易营业执照的在本区有长期居住权的邻国侨民,可以经营对邻国的进出口贸易。
第 四 条
进出口商、外侨进出口商应持有关批准文件和营业执照,到海关办理注册登记手续,领取报关员证件,凭以报关。
第 五 条
对邻国的进出口的贸易,按照自找贷源、自找销路、自行谈判、自行平衡、自负盈亏的原则,采取易货方式和结汇方式进行。
第 六 条
本区对邻国贸易进口货物和出口货物各分三类进行管理:
凡属于实行进、出口许可证管理的货物,各进出口商、外侨进出口商按年度进出口计划,事先向对外经济贸易部授权的区对外经贸厅审领进口或出口许可证。海关凭许可证验放。
凡不属于实行进、出口许可证管理的货物,由各进出口商、外侨进出口商在经自治区人民政府批准的年度计划内经营,海关凭有权经营对邻国进出口贸易的进出口商、外侨进出口商填写的进出口货物报关单和有关单证验放。
凡属禁止进口和禁止出口的货物,进出口商、外侨进出口商都不得经营。
第 七 条
经营对邻国贸易的进出口商、外侨进出口商的经营活动都必须接受区对外经贸厅的计划、统计、价格等管理;在区内市场的经营活动必须接受工商行政管理等有关部门的管理,照章纳税,不得违法经营。
第 八 条
经营对邻国贸易的进出口商、外侨进出口商应遵守国家有关外汇管理的规定。
第 九 条
经营对邻国贸易的进出口贸易必须经由指定的开放口岸进出,接受海关、边防、商检、卫生检疫、动植物检验等部门的检查检验,并照章缴纳关税、工商税、个人收入调节税和检验费。
第 十 条
凡从邻国进口的商品,一般不准销往区外。如遇特殊情况,必须销往区外的,应向区对外经贸厅申请批准,领取准运证,凭准运证运往区外。并按国家税法规定补交进口关税和进口环节产品税(或增值税)。
第十一条
进出口商、外侨进出口商到邻国进行贸易活动,必须按有关规定办理出国手续。
第十二条
经营对邻国的进出口贸易必须遵守国家法律和法规,违者由有关部门视情节轻重,依法处理。
第十三条
本规定不适用于其他省、自治区、直辖市有进出口经营权的国营企业通过西藏口岸或者委托本区国营企业进行的对邻国的贸易。
第十四条
邻国商人经本区经贸部门邀请,可以到本区对外开放城镇与本区进出口商洽谈贸易,但不得直接收购出口商品和零售进口商品。
第十五条
本规定的实施细则,由区对外经贸厅负责制订。
第十六条
本规定不适用于边民互市贸易。
第十七条
本规定自发布之日起施行。

INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION CONCERNING THEPROMOTION OF TRADE WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM PROVISIONS OF THE TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION CONCERNING THE
PROMOTION OF TRADE WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
(Approved by the State Council on March 24, 1987 and promulgated
by the People's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated to further develop trade between this
Region and neighbouring countries, to invigorate economy and improve
administration.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to the state-run enterprises, collective
enterprises, and individual industrial and commercial operators of this
Region that handle import and export business with neighbouring countries
(hereinafter referred to as "the importers and exporters"), and also apply
to nationals of neighbouring countries who have obtained the permanent
residence right in this Region (hereinafter referred to as "the foreign
resident importers and exporters").
Article 3
The state-run enterprises, collective enterprises and individual
industrial and commercial operators of this Region may carry on import and
export business, within the approved scope of business operation, with
neighbouring countries after they have obtained the approval from the
Department of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of the Tibet Autonomous
Region (hereinafter referred to as "the Region Foreign Trade Department"),
and have gone through the procedures of registration with the
administrative department for industry and commerce and obtained the
business license for carrying on import and export business.
Foreign nationals of neighbouring countries with the permanent residence
right in this Region may carry on import and export business with
neighbouring countries after obtaining the consent from the Region's
administrative department for foreign nationals through verification, and
the approval from the Region Foreign Trade Department, as well as the
business license for carrying on import and export business by registering
with the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 4
The importers and exporters, and the foreign resident importers and
exporters, shall present the relevant approval documents and business
licenses to the Customs Office for registration and obtaining the
certificate for declarant, which shall be presented for making
declarations at the Customs Office.
Article 5
Import and export business with neighbouring countries shall be conducted
in accordance with the following principles: finding the sources of goods
and the markets by the importers and exporters themselves; holding
business talks of their own accord; acquiring balance of accounts in their
own ways; assuming sole responsibility for their gains and losses; and in
the forms of barter transaction and settlement of exchange.
Article 6
With respect to trade between this Region and neighbouring countries, the
imports and the exports fall respectively into three categories for
administration: With respect to the goods that fall under the
administration by import and export licenses, every importer and exporter,
or every foreign resident importer and exporter, shall, in accordance with
the annual import and export plan, make an application to the Region
Foreign Trade Department, which is authorized by the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade, for the import and export license. The
Customs Office shall give clearance after verifying the license.
With respect to the goods that do not fall under the administration by
import and export licenses, every importer and exporter, or every foreign
resident importer and exporter, shall carry out the business operations
within the annual plan approved by the Region People's Government. The
Customs Office shall give clearance after verifying the relevant vouchers
and documents, and the import and export goods Customs declaration forms
filled out by the importers and exporters, or by the foreign resident
importers and exporters, who have obtained the right to carry on import
and export trade with neighbouring countries.
With respect to those goods that are forbidden to import or export, the
importers and exporters, or the foreign resident importers and exporters,
may not transact them.
Article 7
The operational activities of the importers and exporters, or of the
foreign resident importers and exporters, who handle trade with
neighbouring countries, must be subject to the administration by the
Region Foreign Trade Department in such aspects as planning, statistics,
and pricing. The operational activities in the market within the Region
must be subject to the administration of such relevant departments as the
administrative department for industry and commerce, taxes must be paid
according to the regulations, and no illegal operational activities are
allowed.
Article 8
The importers and exporters, or the foreign resident importers and
exporters, who carry on trade with neighbouring countries, shall abide by
the pertinent provisions of the state on the control of foreign exchange.
Article 9
The imports and exports related to trade with neighbouring countries must
enter or exit at the designated opening ports, and be subject to the
examination and inspection by the Customs Office, the border inspection
station, the import and export commodities inspection agency, the public
health quarantine agency and the animals and plants quarantine agency, and
Customs duties, consolidated industrial and commercial tax, individual
income regulatory tax, and inspection fees must be paid according to the
regulations.
Article 10
All commodities imported from neighbouring countries are not permitted to
be sold outside this Region. Under special circumstances, when imported
commodities are absolutely necessary to be sold outside this Region, the
cases must be submitted to the Region Foreign Trade Department for
approval and obtaining the transport permit; with this transport permit
the said imported commodities are permitted to be carried beyond this
Region. The Customs duties on these imported goods as well as the import
related product tax (or added value tax) shall be paid according to the
tax laws of the State.
Article 11
The importers and exporters, or the foreign resident importers and
exporters that go to the neighbouring countries for trade activities must
go through the procedures for going abroad according to the pertinent
provisions.
Article 12
Persons who handle import and export business with neighbouring countries
must abide by the laws, regulations and rules of the State; offenders
shall be dealt with according to law, depending on the seriousness of
their cases.
Article 13
These Provisions shall not apply to the state-run enterprises of other
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government, that have a right to handle import and export business
and conduct trade with neighbouring countries through the ports in Tibet
or through the agencies of the state-run enterprises of this Region.
Article 14
Businessmen from neighbouring countries may, at the invitation of the
departments of foreign economic relations and trade in this Region, come
to the open towns of this Region to hold business talks with the importers
and exporters of this Region, but they may not purchase the export
commodities and retail the imported commodities directly.
Article 15
The rules for the implementation of these Provisions shall be formulated
by the Region Foreign Trade Department.
Article 16
These Provisions shall not apply to the mutual market trade between the
border inhabitants.
Article 17
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


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兽药标签和说明书管理办法

农业部


中华人民共和国农业部令
第22号

《兽药标签和说明书管理办法》于2002年9月27日业经农业部常务会议审议通过,现予发布,自2003年3月1日起施行。
附件:兽药标签和说明书管理办法

部长 杜青林
二00二年十月三十一日


第一章 总则
第一条 为加强兽药监督管理,规范兽药标签和说明书的内容、印制、使用活动,保障兽药使用的安全有效,根据《兽药管理条例》,制定本办法。
第二条 农业部主管全国的兽药标签和说明书的管理工作,县级以上地方人民政府畜牧兽医行政管理部门主管所辖地区的兽药标签和说明书的管理工作。
第三条 凡在中国境内生产、经营、使用的兽药的标签和说明书必须符合本办法的规定。

第二章 兽药标签的基本要求
第四条 兽药产品(原料药除外)必须同时使用内包装标签和外包装标签。
第五条 内包装标签必须注明兽用标识、兽药名称、适应症(或功能与主治)、含量/包装规格、批准文号或《进口兽药登记许可证》证号、生产日期、生产批号、有效期、生产企业信息等内容。
安瓿、西林瓶等注射或内服产品由于包装尺寸的限制而无法注明上述全部内容的,可适当减少项目,但至少须标明兽药名称、含量规格、生产批号。
第六条 外包装标签必须注明兽用标识、兽药名称、主要成分、适应症(或功能与主治)、用法与用量、含量/包装规格、批准文号或《进口兽药登记许可证》证号、生产日期、生产批号、有效期、停药期、贮藏、包装数量、生产企业信息等内容。
第七条 兽用原料药的标签必须注明兽药名称、包装规格、生产批号、生产日期、有效期、贮藏、批准文号、运输注意事项或其它标记、生产企业信息等内容。
第八条 对贮藏有特殊要求的必须在标签的醒目位置标明。
第九条 兽药有效期按年月顺序标注。年份用四位数表示,月份用两位数表示,如“有效期至2002年09月”,或“有效期至2002.09”。

第三章 兽药说明书的基本要求
第十条 兽用化学药品、抗生素产品的单方、复方及中西复方制剂的说明书必须注明以下内容:兽用标识、兽药名称、主要成分、性状、药理作用、适应症(或功能与主治)、用法与用量、不良反应、注意事项、停药期、外用杀虫药及其他对人体或环境有毒有害的废弃包装的处理措施、有效期、含量/包装规格、贮藏、批准文号、生产企业信息等。
第十一条 中兽药说明书必须注明以下内容:兽用标识、兽药名称、主要成分、性状、功能与主治、用法与用量、不良反应、注意事项、有效期、规格、贮藏、批准文号、生产企业信息等。
第十二条 兽用生物制品说明书必须注明以下内容:兽用标识、兽药名称、主要成分及含量(型、株及活疫苗的最低活菌数或病毒滴度)、性状、接种对象、用法与用量(冻干疫苗须标明稀释方法)、注意事项(包括不良反应与急救措施)、有效期、规格(容量和头份)、包装、贮藏、废弃包装处理措施、批准文号、生产企业信息等。

第四章 兽药标签和说明书的管理
第十三条 兽药标签和说明书必须按照兽药批准权限,经农业部或省级畜牧兽医行政管理部门审核批准后方可使用。内容变更时须按原申报程序履行审批手续。
第十四条 兽药标签和说明书必须按照本规定的统一要求印制,其文字及图案不得擅自加入任何未经批准的内容。
第十五条 兽药标签和说明书的内容必须真实、准确,不得虚假和夸大,也不得印有任何带有宣传、广告色彩的文字和标识。
第十六条 兽药标签和说明书的内容不得超出或删减规定的项目内容;不得印有未获批准的专利、兽药GMP、商标等标识。
第十七条 兽药标签和说明书所用文字必须是中文,并使用国家语言文字工作委员会公布的现行规范化汉字。根据需要可有外文对照。
第十八条 根据需要,兽药标签上可使用条形码;已获批准的专利产品,可标注专利标记和专利号,并标明专利许可种类;注册商标应印制在标签和说明书的左上角或右上角;已获兽药GMP合格证的,必须按照兽药GMP标识使用有关规定正确地使用兽药GMP标识。
第十九条 兽药标签和说明书的字迹必须清晰易辨,兽用标识及外用药标识应清楚醒目,不得有印字脱落或粘贴不牢等现象,并不得用粘贴、剪切的方式进行修改或补充。
第二十条 兽药标签和说明书内容对产品作用与用途项目的表述不得违反法定兽药标准的规定,并不得有扩大疗效和应用范围的内容;其用法与用量、停药期、有效期等项目内容必须与法定兽药标准一致,并使用符合兽药国家标准要求的规范性用语。
第二十一条 兽药标签和说明书上必须标识兽药通用名称,可同时标识商品名称。商品名称不得与通用名称连写,两者之间应有一定空隙并分行。通用名称与商品名称用字的比例不得小于1:2(指面积),并不得小于注册商标用字。
第二十二条 兽药最小销售单元的包装必须印有或贴有符合外包装标签规定内容的标签并附有说明书。兽药外包装箱上必须印有或粘贴有外包装标签。
第二十三条 凡违反本办法规定的,按照《兽药管理条例》的有关规定进行处罚。

第五章 附则
第二十四条 本办法下列用语的含义是:
兽药通用名:国家标准、农业部行业标准、地方标准及进口兽药注册的正式品名。
兽药商品名:系指某一兽药产品的专有商品名称。
内包装标签:系指直接接触兽药的包装上的标签。
外包装标签:系指直接接触内包装的外包装上的标签。
兽药最小销售单元:系指直接供上市销售的兽药最小包装。
兽药说明书:系指包含兽药有效成分、疗效、使用以及注意事项等基本信息的技术资料。
生产企业信息:包括企业名称、邮编、地址、电话、传真、电子邮址、网址等。
第二十五条 本办法由农业部负责解释。
第二十六条 本办法自2003年3月1日起施行。

德国民法典之债法改革对中国未来民法典的启示


吴 越(西南政法大学特聘教授、法兰克福大学法学博士)

原载:《法学家》2003年2期,111-122页;《德国新债法——条文及官方解释》序言(朱 岩 译, 法律出版社,2003年1月版;网上法律书店在线书目);《中国民商法律网》 首发;《法学时评网》 转载

内容提要

在原有债法缺陷的诱导以及欧共体指导条例、国际条约的推动下,德国民法典完成了自1900年实施以来的最大一次变革。以强调消费者保护思想与吸收对电子商务的规定为标志,于2002年1月1日生效的新民法典重新走在了21世纪的法典化运动的前沿。这次改革对于同样在酝酿制定民法典的中国而言,其启示就是必须要有国家的领导与组织、娴熟的立法技术、充分的法典编撰以及恰当的时机。

 

Abstracts (英文摘要)

 

Based on the defects of the formerly law of obligations (Schuldrecht) und pushed forward by directives of the EU and international conventions, the German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) has fulfilled its largest Reform since its enforcement in 1900. In effect from January 1, 2002, the newly promulgated Civil Code plays a leading role in the codification movement of the 21st century thanks to its emphasizing on consumer protection and absorbing the regulation of E-commerce. The Enlightenment of the German Reform for China, which is considering to draft its own civil code, should be a strong political will and organization, skilled legislative technique, adaquate preparation for drafting the code as well as a proper time.

 

关键词

 

民法典 法典化 债法 德国 中国

 

Keywords
 

Civil Code, codification, law of obligations, Germany, China

 

目 次

 

一、民法典债法改革之目的

    1、德国国内法的缺陷与债法改革

    2、欧共体的指导条例对德国债法改革的影响

    3、国际条约对债法现代化的要求

二、民法典债法改革前后的主要变化